S.L. 646.22 Art. 10Offences. The with the emitted by the exposure limit corresponding Numbering (a) H eff (b) H (c), (d) (e), (f) (g) to (l) in the range nm) relevant in the 3 000 nm) by the the following Δt (g) to (l) (m), (n) (o) Notes: E (,t), E E eff H H eff E UVA H UVA S () t, Δt  calculation or per square -

(1) Any breach by any person of any provision of these regulations shall be deemed an offence.

(2) Any person who knowingly or recklessly interferes with the performance of a duty or obligation by a person under these regulations shall be guilty of an offence. FROM EXPOSURE TO ARTIFICIAL OPTICAL RADIATION)

SCHEDULE I Non-coherent optical radiation biophysically relevant exposure values to optical radiation can be determined formulae below. The formulae to be used depend on the range of radiation source and the results should be compared with the corresponding values indicated in Table 1.1. More than one exposure value and exposure limit can be relevant for a given source of optical radiation.

(a) to (o) refers to corresponding rows of Table 1.1.

t  = 400nm   (H is only relevant in the t eff = E S( d dt     range 180 to 400 nm)

0  = 180 nm t  = 400nm   (H is only relevant in = E  d dt UVA=    UVA the range 315 to 400 nm)

 0 = 315 nm

 = 700nm  (L is only relevant in the range  B= L = L B( d B    300 to 700 nm)

 = 300 nm

 = 700nm  (E is only relevant in the range  B= E = E B( d B    300 to 700 nm)

 = 300 nm

   (See Table 1.1 for appropriate L = L  R( d    R values of  and )  

  FROM EXPOSURE TO ARTIFICIAL OPTICAL RADIATION)

 = 3000nm  (E is only relevant (m), (n) E = E  d R=   R 780 to 3 000

 = 780 nm t  = 3000nm   (H is only t skin

(o) H = E d dt skin    range 380 to

0  = 380 nm

For the purposes of these regulations the formulae above can be replaced following expressions and the use of discrete values as set out in tables:

 = 400nm  

(a) E = E S( Δ and H = E Δt eff    eff eff 

 = 180 nm

 = 400nm  

(b) E = E Δ and H = E UVA   UVA UVA 

 = 315 nm

 = 700nm  (c), (d) L = L  B( Δ    B

 = 300 nm

 = 700nm   (e), (f) E = E B( Δ B   

 = 300 nm FROM EXPOSURE TO ARTIFICIAL OPTICAL RADIATION)

   (See Table 1.1 for appropriate L = L  R( Δ    R values of  and )  

 

 = 3000nm   E = E Δ IR  

 = 370 nm

 = 3000nm   E = E Δ and H = E Δt skin   skin skin 

 = 380 nm spectral irradiance or spectral power density: the radiant power incident per unit area upon a surface, expressed in watts per -2 -1 square metre per nanometre [W m nm ]; values of E (, t) and E come from measurements or may be provided by the  manufacturer of the equipment;

effective irradiance (UV range): calculated irradiance within the

UV wavelength range 180 to 400 nm spectrally weighted by S -2 (), expressed in watts per square metre [W m ]; the time integral of the irradiance, expressed in radiant exposure: -2 joules per square metre U m ]; radiant exposure spectrally weighted effective radiant exposure:

-2 by S (), expressed in joules per square metre [J m ]; calculated irradiance within the UVA total irradiance (UVA):

wavelength range 315 to 400 nm, expressed in watts per square -2 metre [W m ]; the time and wavelength integral or sum of the radiant exposure: irradiance within the UVA wavelength range 315 to 400 nm, -2 expressed in joules per square metre U m ];

spectral weighting taking into account the wavelength dependence of the health effects of UV radiation on eye and skin, (Table 1.2) [dimensionless]; expressed in seconds [s]; time, duration of the exposure, wavelength, expressed in nanometres [nm]; FROM EXPOSURE TO ARTIFICIAL OPTICAL RADIATION)

Δ  expressed in nanometres [nm], of the bandwidth, measurement intervals; L (), L expressed in watts  spectral radiance of the source -2 -1 metre per steradian per nanometre [W m sr nm R () taking into account the spectral weighting dependence of the thermal injury caused to the eye IRA radiation (Table 1.3) [dimensionless];

L calculated radiance R effective radiance (thermal injury): weighted by R () expressed in watts per square -2 -1 steradian [W m sr ];

B () spectral weighting taking into account the dependence of the photochemical injury caused blue light radiation (Table 1.3) [dimensionless]; L calculated radiance effective radiance (blue light): B weighted by B (), expressed in watts per square -2 -1 steradian [W m sr ]; E calculated irradiance B effective irradiance (blue light):

weighted by B () expressed in watts per square metre E calculated irradiance IR total irradiance (thermal injury): infrared wavelength range 780 nm to 3 000 nm expressed -2 per square metre [W m ];

E total irradiance (visible, IRA and IRB): calculated skin within the visible and infrared wavelength range 380 -2 nm, expressed in watts per square metre [W m ]; H the time and wavelength integral radiant exposure: skin irradiance within the visible and infrared wavelength to 3 000 nm, expressed in joules per square metre α the angle subtended by an apparent angular subtense: viewed at a point in space, expressed in milliradians Apparent source is the real or virtual object that smallest possible retinal image. FROM EXPOSURE TO ARTIFICIAL OPTICAL RADIATION) FROM EXPOSURE TO ARTIFICIAL OPTICAL RADIATION) FROM EXPOSURE TO ARTIFICIAL OPTICAL RADIATION) FROM EXPOSURE TO ARTIFICIAL OPTICAL RADIATION) FROM EXPOSURE TO ARTIFICIAL OPTICAL RADIATION)

Table 1.3 B (), R () [dimensionless], 380 run to 1400 nm nm B () R ()  < 380 0,01 -380 0,01 0,1 385 0,013 0,13 390 0,025 0,25 395 0,05 0,5 400 0,1 1 405 0,2 2 410 0,4 4 415 0,8 8 420 0,9 9 425 0,95 9,5 430 0,98 9,8 435 1 10 440 1 10 445 0,97 9,7 450 0,94 9,4 455 0,9 9 460 0,8 8 465 0,7 7 470 0,62 6,2 475 0,55 5,5 480 0,45 4,5 485 0,32 3,2 490 0,22 2,2 495 0,16 1,6 500 0,1 1 0,02 (450-)  < 600 10 1   < 700 0,001 1 ) 0,002 (700 -< 1 050 - 10  < 1150 - 0,2  0,02 (1 150-) < 1 200 - 0,2 10    < 1 400 - 0,02 FROM EXPOSURE TO ARTIFICIAL OPTICAL RADIATION)

SCHEDULE II Laser optical radiation

The biophysically relevant exposure values to optical radiation can with the formulae below. The formulae to be used depend on the wavelength duration of radiation emitted by the source and the results should be the corresponding exposure limit values indicated in the Tables 2.2 to one exposure value and corresponding exposure limit can be relevant source of laser optical radiation. Coefficients used as calculation tools within the Tables 2.2 to 2.4 Table 2.5 and corrections for repetitive exposure are listed in Table 2.6.

dP -2 E = [W m ] dA

t  -2 H = E(t) dt [J m ]  0

Notes:

dP power expressed in watt [W]; 2 dA expressed in square metres [m ]; surface E (t), E the radiant power incident irradiance or power density:

upon a surface, generally expressed in watts per square Values of E(t), E come from measurements or may be provided manufacturer of the equipment;

H radiant exposure: the time integral of the irradiance, expressed -2 per square metre [J m ];

t time, duration of the exposure, expressed in seconds [s];  expressed in nanometres [nm]; wavelength, γ measurement limiting cone angle of field-of-view milliradians [mrad]; γ expressed in milliradians [mrad]; measurement field of view m α angular subtense of a source expressed in milliradians [mrad]: the circular area over which irradiance limiting aperture: exposure are averaged; G the integral of the radiance over a integrated radiance: time expressed as radiant energy per unit area of a radiating unit solid angle of emission, in joules per square metre per -2 -1 m sr ]. FROM EXPOSURE TO ARTIFICIAL OPTICAL RADIATION)

Table 2.1 Radiation hazards

[nm] Radiation Affected Hazard Exposure limit range organ value table

UV eye photochemical 2.2, 2.3 damage and thermal damage UV skin erythema 2.4 visible eye retinal damage 2.2 visible eye photochemical 2.3 damage visible skin thermal damage 2.4 IRA eye thermal damage 2.2, 2.3 IRA skin thermal damage 2.4 600 IRB eye thermal damage 2.2 6 IRC eye thermal damage 2.2 6 IRB, IRC eye thermal damage 2.3 6 IRB, IRC skin thermal damage 2.4 FROM EXPOSURE TO ARTIFICIAL OPTICAL RADIATION) FROM EXPOSURE TO ARTIFICIAL OPTICAL RADIATION) FROM EXPOSURE TO ARTIFICIAL OPTICAL RADIATION)

Table 2.5

Applied correction factors and other calculation parameters Parameter as listed in Valid spectral range Value ICNIRP (nm)  < 700 C = 1,0 A C 700 - 1 050 C = 10 0,002( - 700) A A 1 050 - 1 400 C = 5,0 A 400 - 450 C = 1,0 B C B 450 - 700 C = 10 0,02( - 450) B FROM EXPOSURE TO ARTIFICIAL OPTICAL RADIATION)

listed in Valid spectral range Value (nm) 700 - 1 150 C = 1,0 C 0,018( - 1 150) 1 150 - 1 200 C = 10 C 1 200 - 1 400 C = 8,0 C  < 450 T = 10 s 1 10 0,02( - 450) 450 - 500 T = 10 [ ] 1  S  > 500 T = 100 s 1 listed in Valid for biological Value effect all thermal effects α = 1,5 mrad min listed in Valid angular range Value (mrad) α < α C = 1,0 min E α < α < 100 C = α/α min E min

α > 100 C = α2/(α α ) mrad with α E min  max max = 100 mrad α < 1,5 T = 10 s 2 (α - 1,5) / 98,5 1,5 < α < 100 T = 10 [10 ] 2  S α > 100 T = 100 s 2 t < 100 γ = 11 [mrad] 4 0,5 100 < t < 10 γ = 1,1 t [mrad] 4 t > 10 γ = 110 [mrad]

Table 2.6 Correction for repetitive exposure following three general rules should be applied to all repetitive occur from repetitively pulsed or scanning laser systems: exposure from any single pulse in a train of pulses shall not exceed the value for a single pulse of that pulse duration. exposure from any group of pulses (or sub-group of pulses in a train) time t shall not exceed the exposure limit value for time t. exposure from any single pulse within a group of pulses shall not single-pulse exposure limit value multiplied by a cumulative-thermal 0,25 factor C =N , where N is the number of pulses. This rule applies only p  limits to protect against thermal injury, where all pulses delivered in less treated as a single pulse.

FROM EXPOSURE TO ARTIFICIAL OPTICAL RADIATION)

Parameter Valid spectral range Value (nm) -9 315 < < 400 T = 10 (= 1 ns) min S < -6 400 < 1 050 T = 18 10 (= 18 min  S 1 050 < < 1 400 T = 50 10-6 (= 50  min S -3 T 1 400 < < 1 500 T = 10 (= 1 ms) min min S < 1 500 < 1 800 T = 10 min S < -3 1 800 < 2 600 T = 10 (= 1 ms) min S 6 -7 2 600 < < 10 T = 10 (= 100 ns) min S